![]() High-grade neuroendocrine tumors or carcinomas are malignant epithelial tumors light microscopic, ultrastructural, or immunohistochemical evaluation reveals neuroendocrine differentiation. 5,8 Malignant colonic tumors tend to have a more aggressive course, higher grade, and poor differentiation. 5,8Ībout 45% of cases are localized, while 16-40% are metastatic disease. These cancers are generally diagnosed at a later stage - and may present with signs of bowel obstruction, or be diagnosed as a result of a tumor being detected. 6,7Īs the case report authors note, colonic neuroendocrine tumors occur most commonly in females from ages 63 to 70, and often in the cecum area of the ascending colon. In contrast, those in the colon are often aggressive, poorly differentiated, and more malignant - i.e., Grade 3. 4,5Īs noted in a recent consensus guidelines update, 6 neoplasms of the colon and rectum differ in that rectal NENs are usually small lesions (most less than 1 cm in size), and their histological malignancy is low to moderate - i.e., Grade 1 or Grade 2. In recent decades, these neoplasms (especially of the large bowel) have been increasing in incidence and prevalence - mostly due to advances in the classification and diagnostic approach. ![]() 3Ĭolonic and rectal NENs account for 7.8% and 13.7%, respectively, of all neuroendocrine neoplasms. These benign neoplasms, also known as neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) or carcinoid tumors, originate from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems, but with malignant neoplasms present. He is moved to the general surgical ward for ongoing postoperative care.Ĭlinicians refer the patient to the multidisciplinary tumor board for proper assessment and management.Ĭlinicians reporting this case 1 of a man with a perforated colonic neuroendocrine tumor note that these rare tumors, found mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, account for only about 0.5% of all newly diagnosed cancers. ![]() Vital signs are stable and he is able to eat and walk. The proliferation marker (Ki-67) showed more than 90% positive nuclear staining.įive days after surgery, the patient is showing progressive improvement. Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the tumor cells are positive for synaptophysin, pan-cytokeratin, CD56, and CD117 - associated with a poor prognosis. Ten tumor deposits are found in the pericolic fat, with metastases to nine of 10 lymph nodes. The mitotic index is more than 20/10 high power fields with lymphovascular invasion, but perineural invasion cannot be determined. Histopathological examination of the splenic flexure mass reveals high-grade and invasive colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) that is pT4 N2b M1c, while the peritoneal lesion is metastatic carcinoma. He is treated with a regimen of meropenem and fluconazole to address culture findings showing heavy growth of Streptococcus anginosus and scant growth of Escherichia coli. The patient is moved to the surgical intensive care unit, where he is intubated on inotropic support. Carcinomatosis of stomach, liver, and spleen.Multiple peritoneal neoplastic deposits.Phlegmon involving the stomach and large bowel.Intraoperative findings include the following: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation: 118 mm/hr.Leukocytosis (32.500 × 10 9/L): mainly neutrophils and monocytes.Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation: 98%.Fluid wave test is positive clinicians are not able to assess for organomegaly. The abdomen was distended, with epigastric tenderness. There is no evidence of cervical lymphadenopathy. He displays considerable pain and distress during the examination. Clinicians note marked abdominal distension and epigastric tenderness. Physical examination finds the patient conscious and fully aware of his surroundings. He has not consumed alcohol or used illicit drugs, and there is no family history of gastrointestinal malignancies. Similarly, he has had no abdominal injury. Clinicians taking the patient's history note that he has not had any loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, or dark or bloody stools.
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